The 400m track and field facility is designed with a very precise drainage gradient, as the slope is not just about aesthetics or convenience—it’s based on strict regulations set by the International Amateur Athletic Federation (IAAF). Unlike regular road construction, where smoothness is the main concern, the track’s design prioritizes compliance with competition rules. This means that the slope must meet specific criteria to ensure fairness in races while also allowing for proper water runoff.
According to IAAF guidelines, the straight running section of the track should have a longitudinal slope of 0.1%, measured from the start to the finish line. In the cross-direction, the slope toward the inside of the track should not exceed 1%, typically maintained between 0.7% and 0.8%. These specifications are crucial for both performance and drainage. The inner edge of the track is the lowest point, and the outer edge must not have a slope greater than 1%. This ensures that water flows away efficiently without affecting the athletes' performance.
To control the drainage slope across the entire field, six key points are used for measurement. These points are strategically placed along the track and are connected using straight lines to maintain consistency. No intermediate slope points are introduced during construction, and all connections must be made carefully to avoid exceeding the allowed gradients. In curved sections, such as the Tian Sai area, the center point is often used as a reference for slope alignment.
In addition to surface drainage, the 400m track includes underground systems like drainage ditches, blind ditches, long-distance sand pits, and barriers for the 3000m race. All these components work together to channel water out of the field and into the main drainage system. The highest point of the gutter is determined by two critical factors: the 3000m barrier pool, which is 70cm below ground level, and the elevation of the municipal drainage pipes outside the track. These elements must be accurately considered during the design and construction phases to ensure effective water management.
It's essential for both designers and contractors to rely on accurate, on-site data rather than just topographic maps. Relying solely on maps can lead to errors, such as poor drainage or water accumulation, which could compromise the integrity of the track and pose safety risks. Proper planning and attention to detail are vital to achieving a functional and compliant athletic facility.
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