The difference between the new Gauss meter and the Tesla meter and the internal microprocessor's Gauss meter have five most important features:
Gauss meter is a static or dynamic (AC) magnetic induction that measures an object at a point in space. It is a Hall sensor (higher precision selectable fluxgate sensor). It passes through the magnetic field line of the object to generate current and voltage, on the main device. Display magnetic induction
Overview
Introduction
The Gauss meter (also known as the Tesla meter) is an instrument for measuring magnetic induction based on the Hall effect principle. It consists of a Hall probe and a measuring instrument. The Hall probe generates a Hall voltage in the magnetic field due to the Hall effect. After measuring the Hall voltage, the magnitude of the magnetic induction can be determined according to the Hall voltage formula and the known Hall coefficient. The Gauss meter reads in Gauss or kilogauss.
The Gauss meter is a precision instrument for measuring and displaying the average magnetic flux density or magnetic induction per unit area.
principle
Gauss meters are almost all based on the Hall effect principle for magnetic field measurement, using Hall sensors as magnetic sensing elements. Users may find such problems, even at the same point, using different types of probes will produce different measurements. This is not a measurement error, but a result of the difference in the size of the Hall sensor and the position error of the assembly. According to different needs, it is especially important to correctly select the Gauss meter and the corresponding Hall probe.
related information
Electromagnetic field
The electromagnetic field is a combination of electric and magnetic fields. What we generally call "field" refers to an area in space. Objects entering this area will feel the effect of force. For example, we live in the gravity field of the earth and live in the magnetic field of geomagnetism. More enveloped in a powerful electric field.
The presence of an electric field is often found in life, such as the violent sound of a sweater in the winter, and the electric shock of the handle of the door. These are static phenomena caused by friction. In the use of electricity, as long as there is a voltage, there will be an electric field around the wire or electrical equipment. The electric field is generally in units of kilovolts per meter (kV/m).
Place the magnet under the cardboard and sprinkle the iron powder on the cardboard. You will find a few stripes between the two ends of the magnet. This is the magnetic field. In the use of electricity, as long as current flows, a magnetic field is generated around the wire.
Attenuation and shielding of electromagnetic fields
The strength of the electric field and the magnetic field will decrease rapidly as the distance from the source increases. If the voltage and current of the source disappear, the electromagnetic field will disappear. The electric electromagnetic field (60 Hz) belongs to the extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (30~300 Hz), and the change is slow. The electric field and the magnetic field can be separated.
The electric field is easily shielded, such as metal casings, reinforced concrete, trees and human skin, which can achieve a fairly good shielding effect. Power equipment such as transformers, cables, etc., mostly have metal casings, and there is almost no electric field inside. All the equipment in the indoor substation is in the reinforced concrete building, which shields the electric field better, and the human skin has excellent shielding against the electric field. (Approximately 100 million times attenuated), the electric field entering the human body is almost zero. Therefore, in the world research on the influence of electromagnetic fields on human health (epidemiology), the electric field has been eliminated, and the magnetic field is dominant.
The magnetic field can hardly be shielded, but the magnetic field generated by the opposite direction and the same magnitude can cancel out. Therefore, the signal transmitted by twisted pair can play a good role in reducing electromagnetic noise.
Distinguish from Tesla
In the CGS unit system, the unit of magnetic induction is Gauss, so it is called Gauss meter. In the SI unit system, the unit of magnetic induction is Tesla, so it is called Tesla.
The relationship is: 1T (Tesla) = 1000mT (mtes Tesla) = 10000Gs (Gauss)
The essence of the two is a thing, but the unit of measurement is different. The Tesla unit is too large. Generally, the millitesla unit is used. Many people like to use Gauss units, and it feels intuitive.
The internal microprocessor's Gauss meter has five most important features:
1. The microprocessor can flexibly control the display content. With the graphic dot matrix LCD, the Gauss meter can display a large amount of measurement information other than readings, such as unit, maximum, DC/AC, auto/manual range, computer interface settings, and trigger mode. As a result, the measurer can intuitively obtain a large amount of status information that helps monitor the measurement process.
2. The microprocessor has a calculation function, so it has obvious advantages for the unit conversion, the maximum (minimum) value retention, and the automatic zero calibration function of the probe.
3. The microprocessor has a storage function. The parameter settings for the Gauss meter can be saved in non-volatile memory and automatically reset after power-on. Volatile memory also enables high-speed magnetic field readings to be stored at a certain depth, freeing the host computer from frequent readings and increasing measurement efficiency with batch readings.
4. The microprocessor has powerful extended functions, which can easily control the ADC, DAC and keyboard, thus improving measurement accuracy and avoiding the use of fragile mechanical parts and improving instrument reliability. For external trigger signals, the microprocessor can make real-time measurement response, greatly improving the real-time measurement.
5. The microprocessor provides an interface to the computer. Through the computer interface, the host computer can not only obtain readings, but also perform complicated operations or query the running status of the Gauss meter. Similarly, the microprocessor also provides an interface to the digital Hall probe and adjusts the internal circuit parameters by curing the calibration information inside the digitizing probe. While ensuring the measurement accuracy, the calibration of the probe is independent of the instrument itself. Probe interchangeability and reliability.
The use of microprocessors is a fundamental feature of modern instruments. Hyundai Goss has gained more functionality at this time, while the cost is equal to that of the head-mounted products. Thanks to the microprocessor, the functions can be abstracted and independently as modules, the modular design reduces design and production costs, and fully automatic calibration further reduces the commissioning labor costs of the Gauss meter, making high performance and price ratio possible.
application
Gauss meters are generally instruments used to test the magnetic flux of some magnetic materials. In order to better choose the right product, we need to know which are hard magnetic materials and which are soft magnetic materials?
Gauss meter test object 1: hard magnetic material
Permanent magnet functional materials are often called permanent magnet materials, also known as hard magnetic materials, while soft magnetic functional materials are often called soft magnetic materials. Hard and soft here do not mean hard and soft mechanical properties, but rather hard and soft magnetic properties.
1. Magnetic hard means that the magnetic material retains its strong magnetic properties (referred to as magnetic properties) for a long time after being magnetized by an external magnetic field, which is characterized by high coercive force (coercive magnetic field). The coercive force is the magnetic field strength at which the magnetic material is magnetized and then demagnetized to reduce the residual magnetic force (remaining magnetic flux density or residual magnetization) to zero.
2. Soft magnetic material is a magnetic material which is easy to magnetize and has demagnetization, that is, a low coercive force. Demagnetization refers to a magnetic field in which a magnetic field is magnetized after a magnetic field (called a magnetization field) is applied, and a magnetic field opposite to the direction of the magnetization field is added to reduce the magnetic properties.
Gauss meter object - commonly used permanent magnet materials have four main magnetic properties:
(1) High maximum magnetic energy product. The maximum magnetic energy product [symbol (BH)m] is a measure of the storage capacity per unit volume of the permanent magnet material and the maximum magnetic energy density available;
(2) High coercivity (magnetic) force. Coercivity [symbol (H)c] is a measure by which a permanent magnet material resists magnetic and non-magnetic interference while maintaining its permanent magnetism;
(3) High residual magnetic flux density (symbol of Br) and high residual magnetization (symbol of Mr). They are a measure of the strength of the magnetic field in the air gap of a permanent magnetic material having an air gap;
(4) High stability, that is, high stability of external disturbance magnetic field and changes in environmental factors such as temperature and vibration.
The most important permanent magnet materials currently used are:
(1) Rare earth permanent magnet material, which is the largest type of permanent magnet material with the highest maximum magnetic energy product, and is an intermetallic compound (also called intermetallic compound) with rare earth elements and iron group elements as main components. NdFeB rare earth alloy permanent magnet materials developed and produced in China.
(2) Metal permanent magnet materials. This is a large class of alloy-type permanent magnet materials with early development and application of iron and iron elements (such as nickel, cobalt, etc.), mainly aluminum-nickel-cobalt (AlNiCo) and iron-chromium ( FeCrCo) is a two-class permanent magnet alloy. The properties and costs of permanent magnets of AlNiCo alloys are medium and developed earlier. The range of performance varies with chemical composition and manufacturing process, so the application range is also wide. The iron-chromium-cobalt permanent magnet alloy is characterized by medium-term permanent magnet properties, but its mechanical properties can be processed by various mechanical processes and cold or hot plastic deformation. It can be made into tubular, sheet or linear permanent magnet materials for various purposes. Special application.
(3) Ferrite permanent magnet material. This is a composite oxide strong magnetic material (narrowly defined) and a magnetic ordered material such as an antiferromagnetic material (generalized) with Fe2O3 as the main component. It is characterized by high resistivity and is particularly advantageous for high frequency and microwave applications. There are many applications such as barium ferrite (BaFe12O19) and barium ferrite (SrFe12O19). In addition to the above three types of permanent magnet materials, there are some permanent magnet materials with various characteristics in manufacturing, magnetism and application. For example, micro-powder permanent magnet materials, nano-permanent magnet materials, plastic-plastic permanent magnet materials (which can be applied to the closure of refrigerator doors), and machinable permanent magnet materials.
Electricity and magnetism are phenomena that have always existed in nature, such as lightning and magnetism. Humans have long known to use electricity and magnetism to improve their lives and enrich their lives. In addition to the naturally occurring electromagnetic fields, people have developed many electrical appliances for the convenience of life, such as commonly used mobile phones, televisions, hair dryers, induction cookers, microwave ovens, computers, air-conditioning and other household appliances, even MRT, electric trains, power transmission and transformation equipment. Other public facilities have facilitated life and added some artificial electromagnetic fields.
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