In recent years, large-scale food safety incidents have occurred in the world, and food safety issues have become the hottest and sensitive issues of the world. Food safety testing methods are also receiving increasing attention, and the detection of chemical instruments as a medium of detection has become a new research point in this field.
At present, there are many analytical chemical techniques for food safety testing in the world, and various technical means play an important role in the detection of different substances. Mainly include: chromatographic detection technology, spectral detection technology, biological detection technology.
Chromatographic detection technology has matured and has the advantages of high detection sensitivity, high separation energy efficiency, high selectivity, low detection limit, low sample consumption, and convenience. Founded in 1952, gas chromatography is an extremely efficient separation method. In recent years, capillary gas chromatography has been unique in the analysis and detection of pesticide residues in food. High-performance liquid chromatography is a new separation and analysis technology combining classical liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. It is widely used in the detection of carbohydrates, amino acids, vitamins, fatty acids, additives, hormones, toxins and pesticide residues in food. Ion chromatography is increasingly used in food analysis and testing, and the samples analyzed are almost in all areas of food industry analysis.
Spectral analysis is a non-destructive, fast detection technique with low cost of analysis. Among them, the fluorescence analysis method is a rapidly developing trace analysis method in recent years, which has the characteristics of strong specificity and high sensitivity, and is gradually applied in the field of food analysis. The near-infrared measurement method has the characteristics of convenience, no pollution, and can be used as a means of identifying authenticity in the processing and research of food, the offline and on-line detection of the composition and quality of liquid food. Plasma emission spectroscopy is a well-received method for the determination of elements in recent years. It can simultaneously and simultaneously analyze the results of dozens of elements, which is convenient and fast. This method greatly facilitates and improves our analysis of food nutrition and pollutants in various diets, and also promotes the study of food nutrients.
Bio-detection technology not only has specific bio-recognition function, high selectivity, but also accurate, sensitive, specific, trace and fast cost. The application involves almost all aspects of food inspection. At present, the most widely used methods include immunoassay, enzyme assay, nucleic acid probe technology, polymerase chain reaction technology, gene chip technology, and immunosuppressor.
The immunization method is the most sensitive biological detection method, with high specificity and high sensitivity (sensitivity up to 1 ppb, 1 ppm), simple operation, good reproducibility, etc., and the application prospect is promising. It mainly includes fluorescence immunoassay for detection of Salmonella, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting toxins, residual pesticides and microorganisms in food, immunodiffusion method for detecting proteins, and the like.
Enzyme assays are commonly used to analyze the identification of similar materials with similar structural and physicochemical properties. For example, determining the content of residual organic pesticides in foods, microbial contamination or understanding the preparation and preservation of foods generally does not require very complicated pretreatment, mild reaction conditions and fast detection speed.
Nucleic acid probe technology has been widely used in the inspection of imported and exported animals and plants and their products. It is used to test some common pathogenic bacteria and toxin-producing bacteria in food. In recent years, radioisotope-labeled nucleic acid probes are increasingly being used for rapid detection of enterotoxin-producing Escherichia coli.
Polymerase chain reaction technology is an extremely sensitive molecular biology method. It is an in vitro DNA amplification technology that performs high-efficiency amplification of specific double-stranded DNA fragments in vitro. It has the characteristics of rapid, specific and sensitive. The detection of pathogenic bacteria has great application potential.
Gene chip technology is the latest science and technology in the fields of molecular biology, laser, semiconductor, chemical dyes, microelectronics, etc., and the analysis process is integrated on the chip to realize the continuity, integration, miniaturization and informationization of sample detection. . In food safety testing, it is applied to the detection and analysis of food-borne microorganisms, viruses, drugs, mycotoxins and genetically modified foods.
Biosensor is a physical sensor that combines biometric elements with target substances. It has high specificity and sensitivity, fast response speed and low cost. It has become an important tool for food testing. Mainly used for the detection of food additives, pathogenic bacteria, biotoxins, pesticides, veterinary drugs, etc.
People are paying more and more attention to food safety issues. Traditional food safety testing methods have become increasingly unable to meet the needs of fast-growing society. Establishing fast, accurate and economical food safety testing methods has become a top priority. With the development of food safety and related sciences and the emergence of new technologies, scientific instruments will use new technologies, new principles, and new materials, and will continue to be versatile, integrated, automated, miniaturized, modular, and intelligent. Innovation, providing strong hardware support for food safety research.
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