Ultrasonic cell crushers utilize the ultrasonic dispersion effect in liquids, creating a cavitation process that breaks down solid particles or cellular structures. This technology is widely used in scientific and industrial applications for sample preparation and processing.
An ultrasonic cell shredder works by generating high-frequency sound waves, which are mechanical vibrations traveling through a medium. These waves carry energy and can interact with biological materials, causing physical and chemical changes. The main effects of ultrasound on cells include thermal, cavitation, and mechanical actions.
The thermal effect occurs when the energy from the ultrasound is converted into heat, raising the local temperature to around 42-43°C. While this is below the lethal temperature for normal tissue (45.7°C), it can disrupt the metabolism of cancer cells, affecting DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis, ultimately leading to cell death.
The cavitation effect involves the formation and collapse of microscopic bubbles in the liquid under ultrasonic exposure. As these bubbles expand and violently rupture, they create shockwaves, shear forces, and turbulence that damage cell membranes and cause tissue necrosis. During the collapse, extreme temperatures (up to 5000°C) and pressures (around 500×10ⴠPa) are generated, producing reactive oxygen species like hydroxyl radicals (.OH) and hydrogen atoms (.H). These radicals can cause oxidative stress, leading to DNA damage, enzyme inactivation, and cell death.
The mechanical effect arises from the alternating compression and extension of particles in the medium as the ultrasonic wave propagates. This mechanical stress can directly damage cell structures, making it one of the primary mechanisms of cell disruption.
An ultrasonic cell crusher typically consists of an ultrasonic generator and a transducer. The generator converts standard electrical power into a high-frequency alternating current (18–21 kHz), which is then applied to a piezoelectric transducer. This transducer vibrates at high frequency, transmitting the energy through a titanium horn immersed in the sample solution, inducing cavitation and particle vibration.
Key features of modern ultrasonic cell crushers include automatic frequency modulation, temperature protection probes, programmable operation, multiple probe options, and real-time power monitoring. These devices are designed for precision, efficiency, and safety, allowing users to customize settings based on their specific needs.
Ultrasonic cell shredders are commonly used for breaking down animal, plant, and bacterial cells, as well as for dispersing inorganic powders and rare earth materials. They are also ideal for accelerating chemical reactions, homogenizing mixtures, preparing emulsions, and creating suspensions. In addition, they are essential tools in biological research for sample preparation before electron microscopy.
Whether you're working in biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, or material science, an ultrasonic cell crusher is a versatile and powerful tool that enhances productivity and accuracy in laboratory settings.
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