Researchers from the Institute of Zoology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences have discovered a special type of small molecular RNAs in mature sperm. They named them "mature sperm enrichment-tRNA derived small molecule RNAs" (mse-tsRNAs). Mature spermatozoa accumulate in large quantities, and their functions and biological characteristics have yet to be explored. Related results are published in the online version of Cell Research magazine.
Corresponding author of the article is the head of the Embryo Biology Research Group of the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, the researcher of the “973†project, Duan Enkui, and Dr. Chen Chi. .
The discovery of sperm RNA (mRNAs and small non-coding RNAs) provides the possibility to analyze genetic information from male fathers other than DNA. Previous studies have found that the incoming sperm can provide information to the "host" egg cells and affect the order of cell division. , And this function may be completed by transferring RNAs.
In fact, both sperm miRNA and mRNA have been shown to play important roles in early embryonic development and cross-representation inheritance. However, the small RNAs produced during sperm formation are diverse-including miRNAs, endogenous siRNAs, piRNAs, etc. Scientists are still not clear about the specific meaning and characteristics of small RNA groups carried by mature sperm.
In this study, the researchers isolated mature sperm from the epididymis of adult male mice, and verified that the purity of these sperm was greater than 99% by microscopy and RT-PCR analysis of different biomarkers. Subsequently, its RNA extracts, as well as the RNA extracts of adult testes and uterus, were deeply sequenced with small-molecule RNA. As a result, abundant small-molecule RNAs carried by mature sperm were found.
The main fragments of these small molecular RNAs are 29-34 nt in length, slightly different from the adult testis (26-32 nt), but different from the uterus (21-23 nt), the small molecule of the mouse testis 26-32 nt RNA is mainly piRNAs, mainly involved in protecting the integrity of the genome.
What surprised the researchers was that the small-molecule RNAs in mature mice are not the same as the former. They are a unique group of small-molecule RNAs. Such small-molecule RNAs have the same 5 'end sequence, but 3' However, there is a difference at the end, which means that they come from the same precursor sequence. The researchers also found that two small-molecule RNA families are particularly enriched in this group, accounting for 38% and 19%, respectively, and the main group length is 30-34nt.
In order to further analyze the characteristics of these mature sperm-enriched small molecule RNAs, the researchers conducted BLAT comparison analysis and found that these small molecule RNAs were located at multiple sites in the genome, and each genome site corresponded to a tRNA site. Because these small molecule RNAs are highly enriched in mature sperm and come from tRNAs, the researchers named them "mature-sRNA enrichment-tRNA-derived small molecule RNAs" (mse-tsRNAs).
Through a series of research and verification, the researchers believe that the current research results reveal a previously unknown sperm small RNAs, that is, a new type of tRNA-derived mse-tsRNAs, which are accumulated in large amounts in mature sperm, Its biological occurrence and function need further exploration.
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