A research team led by scientists at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in the United States conducted a study on the possible effects of space radiation on astronauts. The results of their research will provide a scientific basis for ensuring the safety of people involved in long-distance space travel. Measures to protect astronauts from health threats caused by space radiation are very important during astronauts' missions.
Using a mouse model that reflects slight changes in brain cell populations, the researchers found that radiation seemed to be able to target a type of stem cell in a region of the brain where people are essential for learning and emotional control.
The findings at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory and the partner laboratory imply that the determination of drug treatment or physical barrier protection for astronauts will be very important to the success of human space characters.
Stem cells are very important because they can self-renew and produce any type of cell. In this study, researchers at Cold Spring Harbor constructed a mouse model: this mouse has easily identified, fluorescent stem cells. Stem cells lose their fluorescence when they become neurons, making it easier to count their numbers. The researchers irradiated the mice with a certain dose of radiation. The radiation dose was equivalent to the amount of radiation received by astronauts after three years of space travel.
Next, the researchers analyzed the mouse and accidentally discovered that a particular type of stem cell in the hippocampus was selectively killed. Such cells are usually in a quiescent, dormant state.
The discovery surprised the researchers because they thought that dividing cells were the most sensitive to radiation. This theory is also a basis for using radiation for cancer treatment. These stem cells rarely divide, but they are the most sensitive cell population to this radiation. Studies have confirmed that this radiation kills two-thirds of these resting cells. The challenge now is to find ways to protect these cells.
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