Species formation is an important symbol of biological evolution and one of the important scientific issues in the field of biology. There are many factors that influence the formation of biological species, such as geological events and environmental changes will cause the isolation of species, which will promote the formation and differentiation of species; on the contrary, the gene flow brought by hybridization will promote the mutual integration of populations. In addition, the niche differentiation caused by the adaptation of organisms to different environments will also play a role of isolation, limiting the frequency and range of hybridization.
The Chinese forest frog complex (including the Chinese forest frog, the plateau forest frog, the Huanren forest frog) extends along the eastern and northern parts of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and extends eastward to the Korean peninsula. It is a typical northern species group. Existing research shows that the distribution areas of some species overlap, and the boundaries of species are unclear. By studying the differentiation process of the complex species, it is helpful for people to deeply understand the process and mechanism of species formation.
Under the guidance of Academician Zhang Yaping and Associate Researcher Che Jing, Zhou Weiguo, PhD student of Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, analyzed the mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences of 394 individuals from 92 populations of the Chinese forest frog complex, and combined with GIS data for ecological Analysis and reconstruction of the species differentiation process of the Chinese forest frog complex. The results support the division of the four major branches including Huanren forest frog, Chinese forest frog Qinling population (model specimen origin), plateau forest frog and Chinese forest frog Loess Plateau population; there are obvious niche differentiation between the four branches And it is related to the climate change caused by the plateau uplift; combined with the molecular clock estimation, the study revealed the important role of the uplift since the late Cenozoic on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the subsequent climate and environmental changes in the north on the differentiation of the complex.
In addition, gene flow analysis based on the IM (Isolation and Migration) model found that there is a gene flow between the Chinese forest frog Qinling population and the plateau forest frog and the Chinese forest frog Loess Plateau population and Huanren forest frog The flow is limited to the boundary area, the intensity and range are limited, and it does not affect the seeding process. Interestingly, the study also found that there is an introgression hybridization phenomenon in the western population of the Chinese forest frog Qinling Mountains. The hybrid zone is a good model for studying the molecular mechanism of species formation. The research group will further study the population dynamics of the hybrid zone, the scope of introgression hybridization and the molecular genetic mechanism of niche differentiation.
The research results have been published online in Molecular Ecology. The research was supported by the 973 project of the Ministry of Science and Technology and the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
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