Realize DNA erasable data storage in living cells According to the physicist organization network reported on May 21st, scientists at the Department of Bioengineering at Stanford University have created a new system that can repeatedly encode, erase and store data in the DNA of living cells . They said that programmable data stored in the DNA of living cells may become a powerful tool for studying cancer, aging, and organism development. The related research report was published in the "Journal of the National Academy of Sciences" published on the same day.
Although genetic material itself has a natural data storage medium, tools to support scientists to write information into living DNA reliably and reversibly are still scarce. Although previous studies could reverse the gene sequence in one direction through the expression of a single enzyme, this process is not reversible, and researchers need to constantly reverse the gene sequence to create a completely reusable data storage.
Scientists admit that although it is not difficult to reverse the cross section of DNA to one of two directions, it is not easy to obtain a balance of protein levels. In order for the new system to work properly, the research team needed to precisely control the dynamics of the two opposing proteins, integrase and excision enzyme in the microorganism.
After as many as 750 attempts in 3 years, they successfully created a genetic material equivalent to 1 bit (1 bit). Related personnel explained that if the DNA cross section points in one direction, it will be 0, and if it points in the other direction, it will be 1. From this, researchers can count the number of cell divisions, which may give scientists the ability to stop cell cancer.
The research team named the device "Recombinase Addressable Data" module (RAD). RAD can use serine and excision enzymes adapted from bacteriophages to reverse and restore specific DNA sequences as needed. This will form a "permanent data storage" similar to the computer field, which can retain information without power consumption. Subsequently, the research team tested the RAD module in a single microorganism, which can passively store information in the absence of gene expression, which is very reliable. In addition, they can be switched repeatedly without degrading performance, allowing scientists to witness cell division more than 100 times, which is very important to support combined data storage.
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