Research and Application Progress of Medical Adhesives (1)

normal> Abstract   To : According to the classification of medical adhesive materials, this article describes the development status and prospects of chemical adhesives and bio-adhesives, and represents its representative α - cyanoacrylate adhesive and fibrin adhesive, respectively. The bonding mechanism and characteristics are discussed in detail.

Normal > Keyword : medical adhesive; α - cyanoacrylate; fibrin adhesive

Normal > The use of medical adhesives has a long history, but it has only been rapid development in recent decades. In 1936 , Kulzerr Co. , Germany introduced a dental adhesive based on methyl methacrylate ( MMA ). In 1959 , a fast adhesive based on alpha - cyanoacrylic acid was introduced in the United States, thus realizing the revolution from suture to direct adhesion. In 1960 , Charnly first used acrylic bone cement (bone adhesive) for artificial hip surgery. Since the 1970s , with the rapid development of medical polymer materials, the research, development, and application of medical adhesives have also been expanding. Single-use medical adhesives based on α - cyanoacrylates have been used clinically. The number of cases exceeded 1 million. In the early 1980s, biomedical adhesives began to be used clinically. In recent years, the development of medical adhesives has been more rapid, gradually realizing a variety of products with a variety of functions and specific functions. The medical applications of skin adhesives, blood vessels, organs, and hemostatic adhesive materials have become increasingly widespread.

1   Classification of medical adhesives

Normal > There are many types of medical adhesives, which can be classified into chemical adhesives and bioadhesives according to their material properties. According to its use, its adhesion in human biological cells involves the following aspects: ( 1) Adhesion between cells; (2) Adhesion of internal active tissues to inactive parts; (3) Adhesion between human tissues and external substances Together. Its specific classification is: soft tissue adhesives, dental adhesives, orthopedic adhesives and skin pressure sensitive adhesives.

2   The nature of medical adhesives

Normal > The ideal medical adhesive should have the following properties:

Normal > ( 1) safe, reliable, non-toxic, non-trisomy (carcinogenic, teratogenic, mutagenic);

Normal > ( 2) has good biocompatibility and does not interfere with the healing of human tissue;

Normal > (3) Sterile and can remain sterile for a certain period of time;

Normal > (4) can be used in the presence of blood and tissue fluids;

Normal > ( 5) Fast adhesion can be achieved at room temperature and pressure;

Normal > ( 6) has good adhesive strength and durability, adhesive part has a certain degree of elasticity and toughness;

Normal > (7) Non-irritating to human tissues during use;

Normal > (8) It can be gradually degraded, absorbed, and metabolized after reaching the use effect;

Normal > (9) has a good use and is easy to save.

Normal > The commonly used medical adhesives have more or less drawbacks. The varieties that have reached the ideal state and are widely used are not yet available. Many are in the research stage. However, depending on the use site and purpose, some adhesives that partially meet the above conditions have achieved good results in application and continuous improvement.

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