Abstract: This article starts with the development of packaging industry in the packaging industry. The content and characteristics of total quality management, as well as the quality assurance system, were elaborated, and the basic theories and methods of total quality management in packaging industry enterprises were discussed.
Key adjustments: Total quality management, quality assurance systems, PDCA cycle introduction management, and science and technology are two “wheels†for the development of modern society.
With the rapid development of the packaging industry, the total quality management of packaging industry enterprises has been mentioned on the agenda of daily affairs and should attract the attention of all parties.
First, the contents and characteristics of the total quality management of packaging industry enterprises 1. The concept of quality The quality of total quality management has two concepts, narrow sense and broad sense. The narrow sense of quality refers to the quality of the packaged product; in addition to the quality of the packaged product, the generalized quality also includes the quality of work.
Product quality refers to the package's ability to meet transportation, storage, and sales functions, but also to meet the needs of the community and its degree of satisfaction; work quality refers to the packaging company's various departments of management, production, technical work, organizational work, logistics Work to achieve packaging product quality standards, to reduce the extent of non-conforming product.
There is a difference between the quality of work and the quality of packaging products, but there is a very close relationship between the two. The quality of packaging products is the ultimate expression of all the work quality of all departments of a company. The quality of work is a guarantee for packaging companies to produce quality products and continuously improve the quality of packaging products. Therefore, to improve the quality of packaged products, we must not be able to grasp product quality in isolation on the basis of product quality, but must start with improving the quality of work and make efforts to improve the quality of work.
The implementation of total quality management requires the shift from the emphasis on product quality in the past to the emphasis on work quality. Grasp the quality of work and ensure product quality. The main contents and work priorities of quality management work should be analyzed, researched, discovered problems and defects in the quality of work, and timely measures should be taken to improve them.
2. The concept of total quality management Total quality management is the participation of all employees of the packaging company, the overall quality management of the entire packaging production process, mathematical statistics methods as a means to give full play to the role of professional technology and organizational management, to ensure the quality of packaging products , To meet user requirements, more quickly and economically to conduct research and development, production, sales and service, such as a set of quality management system.
Total quality management includes not only the assurance of the quality of packaging products, the broad meaning of prevention, improvement, and coordination, but also the assurance, coordination, and improvement of work quality. Therefore, it is a scientific management method.
3. The basic content of total quality management Total quality management includes the quality management of the design process, the quality management of the packaging process, and the quality management of the auxiliary process and the use process.
The quality management of the design process refers to the preparation process of the company's production technology, including the trials, developments, product designs, process design, trial production, and appraisal conducted during the development of new products and transformation of old products; the quality control of the manufacturing process is to establish stable production Product and quality product production system. It includes the establishment of a sound job responsibility system, the implementation of operating procedures, ensuring the production of civilization, the development of technical standards and strengthening the measurement inspection; the quality management of the auxiliary service process refers to the quality management of the auxiliary production and production service processes, such as packaging materials and containers. The quality management of the quality management of packaging machinery equipment supply, equipment maintenance and power supply; the quality management of the use process is the continuation of the enterprise quality management work, which includes the work of technical services and user access.
4. The characteristics of total quality management Total quality management is comprehensive, full-member, preventive, service-oriented and scientific.
Comprehensiveness refers to the whole process of quality management. From the market investigation, research, design, trial production, technology, equipment, supplies to planning, production, labor, finance, sales, and customer service, quality management must be carried out; full staff refers to the participation of all personnel in quality management, from leadership Cadres to the broad masses of employees, from production workers to auxiliary workers, and all workers in the life service sector must work together to produce high-quality products. Preventive measures mean that effective measures are taken in advance to control various factors of non-conforming products. Form a production system that can stably produce qualified products; serviceability, which refers to packaging companies to serve users, and secondly, the upper-end processes in packaging enterprises serve the next process; scientificness refers to the requirements of advanced science and technology for enterprises. And management methods.
Second, packaging industry enterprises quality assurance system Total quality management is the premise and means to establish a quality assurance system, and establish and improve the quality assurance system is an important symbol of in-depth development of quality management, is to ensure total quality management to achieve long-term stable results, consolidate and expand The key to management results.
1. Concept of Quality Assurance System Quality assurance system refers to the concept and method of application system. Focusing on the common goal of improving product quality, starting from the enterprise as a whole, the management functions of various departments and links in the company are organized to form a clear task. , Responsibilities, Permissions, Coordination, and Promotion of an Organic Whole. It is also the application of system engineering theory and methods in quality management.
2. Content Quality Assurance System Content The quality assurance system includes: a clear quality policy, quality objectives and target values; and the establishment of an efficient and rigorous organization to supervise, control and coordinate the quality management of all departments; There are complete advanced technical standards, operating standards, management standards, and various working procedures. The use of work quality guarantees product quality: accurate and complete information, prompt feedback on the timely processing of related quality issues, and the establishment of an extensive mass quality management network.
3. Establishment of Quality Assurance System There is no universal model for establishing a quality assurance system for a company. It must consider the following four aspects based on different conditions and the characteristics of different companies:
First, the establishment of the ideological assurance system to establish the ideological assurance system is to enable all employees of packaging companies to establish a "quality first," the idea of ​​establishing a wholehearted service for the user's thinking, for the user package, for the user service.
Second, the establishment of an organizational guarantee system organization guarantee system is the implementation of the ideological assurance system and is the organizational guarantee for the implementation of the ideological assurance system. The organizational guarantee system is composed of three levels of quality management agencies: factory, workshop, and team.
Thirdly, to establish a quality assurance system for the production process, we must establish process quality standards, operational standards, and information transfer standards from packaging design (including packaging structure design, modeling design, and interior design) and packaging process to ensure the quality of the production process. Stable to pass.
Fourth, the establishment of inspection and assurance system to do a good job of quality inspection, including process inspection and acceptance of finished products, to implement the "combination of prevention and inspection, prevention-based" method of work.
III. Basic Methods for Total Quality Management of Packaging Industry Enterprises The basic methods for total quality management are: one process, four stages, eight steps, and mathematical statistics tools.
1. A process management is a dynamic concept, enterprise management is a process, that is, the company should complete different tasks at different times. Each production and business activity of a packaging company has a process of production, formation, implementation and verification.
2. The four stages of doing things usually have four stages of planning, execution, inspection, and summary, namely the PDCA cycle. As shown in Figure 1 (slightly).
The PDCA cycle has the following steps: the order can not be reversed, the large ring set (shown in Figure 2), the spiral rise (shown in Figure 3), and the eight steps to solve and improve the quality problem are: analyze the status quo, find the product quality Problems existed; Analyze the causes of the quality problems of the packaged products; Identify the main factors affecting the quality: Develop improvement measures for the main factors affecting the quality (the above is the specificization of the plan phase P); Plan to implement the plan according to the plan (this is Perform phase D); check the plan execution (this is check phase C); summarize the experience for processing; present the outstanding issues and resolve them in the next cycle (the above two steps are the summary phase A).
4. When the mathematical statistics method is used to divide the PDCA cycle into four stages and eight steps to solve the quality problem, it is necessary to collect and organize a large amount of data and perform systematic analysis so as to be able to play a role in improving and controlling the quality of the packaged product.
There are seven types of mathematical statistics tools commonly used, ie, primary and secondary factor maps (Parete charts), causal analysis charts, hierarchical methods, histogram methods, management charts (control charts), related figures (scattered charts), and statistics. Table (survey).
Fourth, the packaging industry enterprises commonly used mathematical statistics tools 1. Primary and secondary factor maps The primary and secondary factor maps are an effective way to find the main factors affecting the quality of a packaged product. As shown in Figure 4.
There are two ordinates, one abscissa, several straight squares and one curve in the arrangement diagram. The ordinate on the left shows the frequency, and the ordinate on the right shows the frequency. The abscissa indicates the various factors affecting the quality, and is arranged from left to right according to the degree of influence on the quality. The height of the straight square represents the magnitude of the influence of an influencing factor on the quality; the curve represents the cumulative percentage of the size of each influencing factor. It is customary to divide the cumulative percentage into three zones: 0 to 80% for Zone A. This zone includes factors that have a cumulative percentage of 80%. Obviously it is the main influencing factor; the cumulative percentage is 80% to 90%, which is called B. Class area, it is a secondary factor; cumulative percentage in the 90% to 100% for the C area, in this type of range of factors influencing the general factors.
2. Causality Analysis Figure The causality analysis figure is shaped like a branch, but also like a fishbone. To find the cause of a quality problem. Take a broad view of the masses and reflect it on this map. To explore the causes of a quality problem, from small to large, from coarse to fine, to find the bottom, until the specific measures can be taken, its shape is shown in Figure 5.
3. Stratification method The stratification method, also called the classification method, is a method of analyzing the reasons that affect the quality. It classifies the differently collected data according to different purposes so that the quality of the packaged product can be more specifically analyzed. And control.
4. The histogram under the same packaging process conditions, the product quality is not necessarily the same, always fluctuate under certain conditions. The histogram is used to organize different quality data. It is represented more intuitively through graphs. Through the observation, analysis, judgment, and prediction of process quality, it estimates the unqualified product rate of the process and distributes the quality characteristics. , make appropriate adjustments.
With regard to the graphics, the histograms are somewhat uneven, and it is not necessary to pay too much attention to them, but should focus on the entire shape of the graphic. When the technical standard requirement is two-sided, the common graphic is shown in Figure 6.
5. The control chart control chart is a chart. It is used to distinguish whether the quality fluctuations are caused by accidental or systemic reasons, so as to determine whether the production process is in a controlled state as a tool to supervise and control the abnormal changes in process quality. Its basic form is shown in Figure 7.
6. Correlation diagrams are also called scatter plots. In the analysis that affects the quality of packaged products, it is often encountered that some variables are in a unified body. They are related to each other and restrict each other. Under certain conditions, they are transformed into each other. This is the case, for example, in the relationship between the impact acceleration of a shockproof package for household appliances and the thickness of the buffer material used. Resolve the relationship Apply the related graph method, list the two related data, and use the dots to fill in the coordinate paper to observe the relationship between the two factors.
In order to express the degree of closeness, a certain amount of value is used to represent the correlation coefficient r. The correlation coefficient r is between +1 and -1.
Different correlation charts have different correlation coefficient values. As shown in Figure 8.
In the figure above, r = 1 is a positive correlation, X and y are linear relationships; r = 0.9 is a negative correlation; r = 0 is irrelevant, X and y have no relationship; r = 0 although related, but the nonlinear relationship.
7. Statistical tables The statistical tables are also known as survey forms and checklists. This method is to use statistics
Key adjustments: Total quality management, quality assurance systems, PDCA cycle introduction management, and science and technology are two “wheels†for the development of modern society.
With the rapid development of the packaging industry, the total quality management of packaging industry enterprises has been mentioned on the agenda of daily affairs and should attract the attention of all parties.
First, the contents and characteristics of the total quality management of packaging industry enterprises 1. The concept of quality The quality of total quality management has two concepts, narrow sense and broad sense. The narrow sense of quality refers to the quality of the packaged product; in addition to the quality of the packaged product, the generalized quality also includes the quality of work.
Product quality refers to the package's ability to meet transportation, storage, and sales functions, but also to meet the needs of the community and its degree of satisfaction; work quality refers to the packaging company's various departments of management, production, technical work, organizational work, logistics Work to achieve packaging product quality standards, to reduce the extent of non-conforming product.
There is a difference between the quality of work and the quality of packaging products, but there is a very close relationship between the two. The quality of packaging products is the ultimate expression of all the work quality of all departments of a company. The quality of work is a guarantee for packaging companies to produce quality products and continuously improve the quality of packaging products. Therefore, to improve the quality of packaged products, we must not be able to grasp product quality in isolation on the basis of product quality, but must start with improving the quality of work and make efforts to improve the quality of work.
The implementation of total quality management requires the shift from the emphasis on product quality in the past to the emphasis on work quality. Grasp the quality of work and ensure product quality. The main contents and work priorities of quality management work should be analyzed, researched, discovered problems and defects in the quality of work, and timely measures should be taken to improve them.
2. The concept of total quality management Total quality management is the participation of all employees of the packaging company, the overall quality management of the entire packaging production process, mathematical statistics methods as a means to give full play to the role of professional technology and organizational management, to ensure the quality of packaging products , To meet user requirements, more quickly and economically to conduct research and development, production, sales and service, such as a set of quality management system.
Total quality management includes not only the assurance of the quality of packaging products, the broad meaning of prevention, improvement, and coordination, but also the assurance, coordination, and improvement of work quality. Therefore, it is a scientific management method.
3. The basic content of total quality management Total quality management includes the quality management of the design process, the quality management of the packaging process, and the quality management of the auxiliary process and the use process.
The quality management of the design process refers to the preparation process of the company's production technology, including the trials, developments, product designs, process design, trial production, and appraisal conducted during the development of new products and transformation of old products; the quality control of the manufacturing process is to establish stable production Product and quality product production system. It includes the establishment of a sound job responsibility system, the implementation of operating procedures, ensuring the production of civilization, the development of technical standards and strengthening the measurement inspection; the quality management of the auxiliary service process refers to the quality management of the auxiliary production and production service processes, such as packaging materials and containers. The quality management of the quality management of packaging machinery equipment supply, equipment maintenance and power supply; the quality management of the use process is the continuation of the enterprise quality management work, which includes the work of technical services and user access.
4. The characteristics of total quality management Total quality management is comprehensive, full-member, preventive, service-oriented and scientific.
Comprehensiveness refers to the whole process of quality management. From the market investigation, research, design, trial production, technology, equipment, supplies to planning, production, labor, finance, sales, and customer service, quality management must be carried out; full staff refers to the participation of all personnel in quality management, from leadership Cadres to the broad masses of employees, from production workers to auxiliary workers, and all workers in the life service sector must work together to produce high-quality products. Preventive measures mean that effective measures are taken in advance to control various factors of non-conforming products. Form a production system that can stably produce qualified products; serviceability, which refers to packaging companies to serve users, and secondly, the upper-end processes in packaging enterprises serve the next process; scientificness refers to the requirements of advanced science and technology for enterprises. And management methods.
Second, packaging industry enterprises quality assurance system Total quality management is the premise and means to establish a quality assurance system, and establish and improve the quality assurance system is an important symbol of in-depth development of quality management, is to ensure total quality management to achieve long-term stable results, consolidate and expand The key to management results.
1. Concept of Quality Assurance System Quality assurance system refers to the concept and method of application system. Focusing on the common goal of improving product quality, starting from the enterprise as a whole, the management functions of various departments and links in the company are organized to form a clear task. , Responsibilities, Permissions, Coordination, and Promotion of an Organic Whole. It is also the application of system engineering theory and methods in quality management.
2. Content Quality Assurance System Content The quality assurance system includes: a clear quality policy, quality objectives and target values; and the establishment of an efficient and rigorous organization to supervise, control and coordinate the quality management of all departments; There are complete advanced technical standards, operating standards, management standards, and various working procedures. The use of work quality guarantees product quality: accurate and complete information, prompt feedback on the timely processing of related quality issues, and the establishment of an extensive mass quality management network.
3. Establishment of Quality Assurance System There is no universal model for establishing a quality assurance system for a company. It must consider the following four aspects based on different conditions and the characteristics of different companies:
First, the establishment of the ideological assurance system to establish the ideological assurance system is to enable all employees of packaging companies to establish a "quality first," the idea of ​​establishing a wholehearted service for the user's thinking, for the user package, for the user service.
Second, the establishment of an organizational guarantee system organization guarantee system is the implementation of the ideological assurance system and is the organizational guarantee for the implementation of the ideological assurance system. The organizational guarantee system is composed of three levels of quality management agencies: factory, workshop, and team.
Thirdly, to establish a quality assurance system for the production process, we must establish process quality standards, operational standards, and information transfer standards from packaging design (including packaging structure design, modeling design, and interior design) and packaging process to ensure the quality of the production process. Stable to pass.
Fourth, the establishment of inspection and assurance system to do a good job of quality inspection, including process inspection and acceptance of finished products, to implement the "combination of prevention and inspection, prevention-based" method of work.
III. Basic Methods for Total Quality Management of Packaging Industry Enterprises The basic methods for total quality management are: one process, four stages, eight steps, and mathematical statistics tools.
1. A process management is a dynamic concept, enterprise management is a process, that is, the company should complete different tasks at different times. Each production and business activity of a packaging company has a process of production, formation, implementation and verification.
2. The four stages of doing things usually have four stages of planning, execution, inspection, and summary, namely the PDCA cycle. As shown in Figure 1 (slightly).
The PDCA cycle has the following steps: the order can not be reversed, the large ring set (shown in Figure 2), the spiral rise (shown in Figure 3), and the eight steps to solve and improve the quality problem are: analyze the status quo, find the product quality Problems existed; Analyze the causes of the quality problems of the packaged products; Identify the main factors affecting the quality: Develop improvement measures for the main factors affecting the quality (the above is the specificization of the plan phase P); Plan to implement the plan according to the plan (this is Perform phase D); check the plan execution (this is check phase C); summarize the experience for processing; present the outstanding issues and resolve them in the next cycle (the above two steps are the summary phase A).
4. When the mathematical statistics method is used to divide the PDCA cycle into four stages and eight steps to solve the quality problem, it is necessary to collect and organize a large amount of data and perform systematic analysis so as to be able to play a role in improving and controlling the quality of the packaged product.
There are seven types of mathematical statistics tools commonly used, ie, primary and secondary factor maps (Parete charts), causal analysis charts, hierarchical methods, histogram methods, management charts (control charts), related figures (scattered charts), and statistics. Table (survey).
Fourth, the packaging industry enterprises commonly used mathematical statistics tools 1. Primary and secondary factor maps The primary and secondary factor maps are an effective way to find the main factors affecting the quality of a packaged product. As shown in Figure 4.
There are two ordinates, one abscissa, several straight squares and one curve in the arrangement diagram. The ordinate on the left shows the frequency, and the ordinate on the right shows the frequency. The abscissa indicates the various factors affecting the quality, and is arranged from left to right according to the degree of influence on the quality. The height of the straight square represents the magnitude of the influence of an influencing factor on the quality; the curve represents the cumulative percentage of the size of each influencing factor. It is customary to divide the cumulative percentage into three zones: 0 to 80% for Zone A. This zone includes factors that have a cumulative percentage of 80%. Obviously it is the main influencing factor; the cumulative percentage is 80% to 90%, which is called B. Class area, it is a secondary factor; cumulative percentage in the 90% to 100% for the C area, in this type of range of factors influencing the general factors.
2. Causality Analysis Figure The causality analysis figure is shaped like a branch, but also like a fishbone. To find the cause of a quality problem. Take a broad view of the masses and reflect it on this map. To explore the causes of a quality problem, from small to large, from coarse to fine, to find the bottom, until the specific measures can be taken, its shape is shown in Figure 5.
3. Stratification method The stratification method, also called the classification method, is a method of analyzing the reasons that affect the quality. It classifies the differently collected data according to different purposes so that the quality of the packaged product can be more specifically analyzed. And control.
4. The histogram under the same packaging process conditions, the product quality is not necessarily the same, always fluctuate under certain conditions. The histogram is used to organize different quality data. It is represented more intuitively through graphs. Through the observation, analysis, judgment, and prediction of process quality, it estimates the unqualified product rate of the process and distributes the quality characteristics. , make appropriate adjustments.
With regard to the graphics, the histograms are somewhat uneven, and it is not necessary to pay too much attention to them, but should focus on the entire shape of the graphic. When the technical standard requirement is two-sided, the common graphic is shown in Figure 6.
5. The control chart control chart is a chart. It is used to distinguish whether the quality fluctuations are caused by accidental or systemic reasons, so as to determine whether the production process is in a controlled state as a tool to supervise and control the abnormal changes in process quality. Its basic form is shown in Figure 7.
6. Correlation diagrams are also called scatter plots. In the analysis that affects the quality of packaged products, it is often encountered that some variables are in a unified body. They are related to each other and restrict each other. Under certain conditions, they are transformed into each other. This is the case, for example, in the relationship between the impact acceleration of a shockproof package for household appliances and the thickness of the buffer material used. Resolve the relationship Apply the related graph method, list the two related data, and use the dots to fill in the coordinate paper to observe the relationship between the two factors.
In order to express the degree of closeness, a certain amount of value is used to represent the correlation coefficient r. The correlation coefficient r is between +1 and -1.
Different correlation charts have different correlation coefficient values. As shown in Figure 8.
In the figure above, r = 1 is a positive correlation, X and y are linear relationships; r = 0.9 is a negative correlation; r = 0 is irrelevant, X and y have no relationship; r = 0 although related, but the nonlinear relationship.
7. Statistical tables The statistical tables are also known as survey forms and checklists. This method is to use statistics
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